Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage systems. They must consider many factors in the design process, from the construction costs and expected lifetime of a project to government regulations and potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes and hurricanes. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, encompasses many specialties. Read the rest of this entry »
In the various and complex building structures composing a hydro power plant project, it is not unusual that concrete (or steel) must be coated. Read the rest of this entry »
What causes the deterioration must be taken into account: Read the rest of this entry »
Final acceptance of shotcrete will be based on compressive strength results obtained from cores of test panels and shotcrete placement. In addition, all accepted shotcrete shall conform to the Execution and Material requirements set forth in this and other applicable sections, and initial and final set requirements. Read the rest of this entry »
